Defines the actions or tasks to be implemented in order to eliminate possible issues and to avoid its re-occurrence. It is part of a failure management process whereby it will be differentiated in between short-, mid- and long-term solution.
Defines the owners in charge to implement identified corrective actions as part of a failure management process.
Identical to DWR it serves as documentation and processing tool to report, evaluate, qualify and document deviation compared to given requirements and / or processes. It assures traceability and sufficient communication across relevant organization when deviations are noticed. Due to qualifying the deviation as part of the process, it also serves as a preventive tool to eliminate possible failure or issues prior occurrence.
DMAIC is a method used within Six Sigma process to improve, optimize and stabilize processes and designs. Each letter within the term “DMAIC” represents a process phase (step). It describes a failure management process whereby the process phases are defined as follow.
D – Define
M – Measure
A – Analyze
I – Improve
C – Control
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Identical to NCR it serves as documentation and processing tool to report, evaluate, qualify and document deviation compared to given requirements and / or processes. It assures traceability and sufficient communication across relevant organization when deviations are noticed. Due to qualifying the deviation as part of the process, it also serves as a preventive tool to eliminate possible failure or issues prior occurrence.
An ETA is an evaluation process wherein events and its sequences will be illustrated by a tree structure, to visualize associated consequences, risks, results or progressions. The events and its sequences hereby can be either related to function and / or time.
Is a bottom to top analysis approach to identify and evaluate failure modes, failure causes and failure effects for a design (D-FMEA), system (S-FMEA) or a process (P-FMEA). The qualification of relevant failure modes, failure causes and effects is typically conducted by using a Risk Priority Number (RPN) or an Action Priority (AP). The RPN herby is the product of multiplying factors such as Severity, Occurrence and Detection whereby the AP is ranked through pre-defined ratings.
Identical to an FMEA, a FMECA is a bottom to top analysis approach to identify and evaluate failure modes, failure causes and failure effects. Hereby the FMECA qualifies each individual failure mode, failure cause and effect by a failure criticality such as for example failure rate or failure probability.
Defined as frequency in which a system or a component fails expressed as failure per relevant unit. Typical Failure Rate expressions are Failure per Hour (FpH), Failure per Million Hours (FpMH), Failure per Million Kilometers (FpMK). The failure rate is denoted through the Greek letter Lambda (λ).
FRACAS stands for a system and / or process to report, analyze and implement corrective action for a failure. Across different industries it is a generic term for failure management and / or a failure management system. Across different industries and organizations, the approach can differ with regards to details or detailed process steps.
Is a top to bottom analysis approach to visualize and evaluate events and its impact on a system. The term event hereby typically relates to failure modes. The analysis approach uses a tree structure whereby a “Basic” event describes the lowest level and the “Top” event describes the highest level. All events are connected through logical operators. Therefore enabling a qualified and quantified analysis approach with respect to impact and interaction in between top and basic event as well as on the top event due to basic events combined.
A Key Performance Indicator is a defined value to evaluate progress and / or success. The terms progress and success herby can be related to tasks, processes, profits, projects and so on. Standard KPI’s such as for example profit are used across organization whereby each organization defines additional or individual KPI based upon organization structure or organization workflow.
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Serves as expression or value to evaluate operating distance in between occurrence of failures. It is calculated by dividing operating distance through the number of failures.
Serves as expression or value to evaluate operating time in between occurrence of failures. It is calculated by dividing operating hours through the number of failures.
Is defined as time not contributing to productivity of an organization. Within reliability engineering the expression is widely used to qualify the impact of a failure or issue on an organization.
OKR describe a method to define and managing objectives. The term objective hereby refers to a defined organization goal to achieve, whereby it is split into 2-5 key results to be defined over certain time period. Compared to a KPI, a OKR measure not only success and progress, but also defines and measures key results to get there.
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Describes a report outlining information to qualify and quantity reliability and its contribution for a production unit and / or production plant.
Classifies the operation impact of a reported issue or failure on an organization. Typical classification herby are reflected by for example “Operation – Outage” or “Operation – Reduced Performance” or “Operation – No Impact”.
Serves as a generic term to describe the set-up of organization including its structure and processes to monitor and impact product or production reliability. Across industries different tools, standards, processes have been established with the goal to provide a reliably product and / or a reliable production. The level of Reliability Control hereby ranks from “Low Basics” up to “High Basics” or even “High Control”.
Is a general term to describe an set up of a Software Dashboard used to visualize specific reliability information. The set up hereby varies largely and depends upon information requirements, organization structure, process structure, product structure and input data available.
Describes a plan outlining requirement in correlation to the validation source and method to be applied required to fulfill given requirements. The requirements hereby are given either through customer and / or authorities. In addition to that it provides a detailed description of each validation source and method to be referenced.
Describe a plan and provides details about how to achieve reliability goals and requirements either given customer, standards, authorities and / or through organization itself. A reliability management plan can be part of a certification process or is widely used across train, car or aerospace industries.
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The “8D” method serves a problem-solving approach across different industries to eliminate issues or failure and its occurrence. Thereby the method is used to improve products and processes. It describes a failure management process or approach whereby the eight (8) stands for the individual process phases (disciplines), refer to below.
D0 – Plan for problem management and prerequisites
D1 – Select and Set Up – Problem Management Team
D2 – Problem definition and description
D3 – Develop and Set up Problem Containment Plan
D4 – Analyze and verify root cause for the problem.
D5 – Define corrective action to eliminate the problem
D6 – Implement corrective action to eliminate the problem
D7 – Prevent re-occurrence of problem / Preventive measures
D8 – Congratulate and benefit the Problem Management Team
Classifies the root cause of a reported issue or failure as part of the failure management process. Standard classification such as “Human Error” are used across industries, but vary depending upon requirements, organization, organization structure and organization processes.
Define as a phase within a failure management process wherein the root cause of a reported issue or failure will be analyzed.
Like an Event Tree, a Root Cause Tree is an evaluation process wherein failure modes and its sequences will be illustrated by a tree structure to visualize consequences. More in detail, the Root Cause Tree evaluates and illustrates sequences of a failure or its occurrence starting with the Root Cause as identified during failure management process. The failure modes and its sequences hereby can be either related to function and / or time.
Defines the owners of the root cause as identified during Root Cause Analysis as part of a failure management process.
Identical to a Technical Notification, a Technical Alert is a tool and / or process assuring information related to issues or failure are communicated across organizations. The information herein can content detailed description of the issue and failure, a corrective action to be implemented, the urgency of implementation and the costs associated to it. It is part of a failure management process and serves therefore as preventive action tool to prevent additional failure within an organization.
Identical to a Technical Alert, a Technical Notification is a tool and / or process assuring information related to issues or failure are communicated across organizations. The information herein can content detailed description of the issue and failure, a corrective action to be implemented, the urgency of implementation and the costs associated to it. It is part of a failure management process and serves therefore as preventive action tool to prevent additional failure within an organization.
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